Most of what adult children need to know about Arkansas estate and incapacity planning concentrates in a small set of documents and a handful of state-specific rules. The documents are conventional; Amendment 79 is the Arkansas wrinkle worth understanding.
The four documents to have in place
1. Statutory Durable Power of Attorney (A.C.A. §28-68-101 et seq.)
Arkansas adopted the Uniform Power of Attorney Act, codified at A.C.A. §28-68-101 et seq. A properly-drafted Arkansas DPOA names an agent to handle your parent’s financial affairs during incapacity.1 Key features:
- Durability is presumed unless the document says otherwise.
- Specific authority is required for certain hot powers— making gifts, creating or revoking a trust, changing beneficiary designations. These powers must be specifically granted in the document.
- Third-party acceptance is addressed: banks that unreasonably refuse a valid statutory POA can be subject to fees and court costs.
Pre-Uniform-Act Arkansas POAs remain legally valid if they were valid when executed, but Arkansas banks frequently require additional certification for older documents. A new POA on the current statutory form runs $150–$400 through an attorney.
2. Advance Directive (A.C.A. §20-17-201 et seq.)
Arkansas’s Rights of the Terminally Ill or Permanently Unconscious Act provides the statutory framework for advance directives. A combined statutory form can:
- Appoint a healthcare proxy to make medical decisions when your parent cannot
- Express wishes about life-sustaining treatment in terminal or permanently unconscious conditions
- Address artificial nutrition and hydration, comfort care, and other interventions
Execution requires two adult witnesses (not the named proxy, not a beneficiary). The form is available free through the Arkansas Department of Health and Arkansas State Bar.2
3. Will
A will directs how assets pass at death and names a personal representative. Arkansas requires two adult witnesses; notarization makes the will “self-proving” (admissible to probate without witness testimony at the probate hearing).
4. Revocable Living Trust
A revocable living trust is the workhorse of probate avoidance. Your parent transfers assets into the trust during life, retains control as trustee, and names a successor trustee to administer assets at death without probate court involvement. Arkansas has adopted versions of the Uniform Trust Code framework; trust administration is comparatively straightforward.3
Amendment 79: the property-tax benefits every Arkansas family should claim
Arkansas Constitutional Amendment 79, adopted in 2000, provides two property-tax benefits for owner-occupied homestead properties:
- Homestead Property Tax Credit. An annual credit applied against property taxes owed. The credit was increased to $425 for assessments starting in 2023. Available to all owner-occupied homesteads, regardless of age.
- Assessment freeze for homeowners 65+ and disabled homeowners. Locks in the assessed value of the homestead at the level when the freeze is claimed. As property values rise (particularly in NWA and Little Rock), the freeze can save substantial property tax over time.4
Both benefits require application through the county assessor. The senior freeze is the under-claimed half: many eligible Arkansas seniors don’t apply because the county assessor’s office doesn’t actively promote it.
Probate in Arkansas
Arkansas probate is administered through county Probate Courts (a division of Circuit Court). Two main paths:
- Formal administration.Required for most estates. Personal representative is appointed; creditors are noticed; assets are inventoried and ultimately distributed. Timeline: typically 6–12 months.
- Small-estate affidavit. Under A.C.A. §28-41-101, available for estates with assets below a statutory threshold (approximately $100,000) after a statutory waiting period. The procedure uses an affidavit filed with the probate court.5
Probate-avoidance tools commonly used in Arkansas: revocable living trusts, beneficiary designations on financial accounts, joint tenancy with right of survivorship, and Transfer-on-Death deeds for real estate (Arkansas recognizes TOD deeds).
Arkansas homestead exemption
Arkansas’s creditor-protection homestead exemption (separate from Amendment 79’s property-tax benefits) protects the homestead from forced sale by most judgment creditors. The exemption is constitutional (Ark. Const. Art. IX, §3) and protects up to one-quarter acre in cities and towns or 80 acres elsewhere — with value limitations that are more generous than Alabama’s but less than Florida’s unlimited exemption.
Elder abuse and civil remedies
Arkansas’s Adult and Long-Term Care Facility Resident Maltreatment Act (A.C.A. §9-20-101 et seq.) provides for state protective services and mandatory reporting. The Department of Human Services investigates reports of abuse, neglect, exploitation, and self-neglect of vulnerable adults. Reports may be filed at 1-800-482-8049. Mandatory reporters include physicians, nurses, social workers, law enforcement, and certain others.
No state estate tax, no state inheritance tax
Arkansas has neither. The state estate tax was effectively repealed when the federal pickup credit ended in 2005; Arkansas has never had a separate inheritance tax. That leaves only the federal estate tax, which applies to estates exceeding the federal exemption (~$13.99M per individual in 2025).6
What to do this quarter
- Locate (or create) your parent’s four documents: DPOA, Advance Directive, will, and (if appropriate) Revocable Living Trust.
- If your parent is 65+, confirm Amendment 79 senior assessment freeze is in place at the county assessor.
- If real estate is in the estate, consider a Transfer-on-Death deed (Arkansas recognizes them) as a low-cost probate-avoidance option.
- For Medicaid planning interactions with estate plans, see our Arkansas Medicaid guide.